The 2nd IESMAT Electron Microscopy Day was successfully held on November 6, 2025, in Madrid, Spain, bringing together dozens of microscopy experts, researchers, and professionals from Spain and Portugal. The event served as a valuable platform for sharing knowledge, exploring the latest microscopy technologies, and strengthening connections within the Iberian microscopy community.

As CIQTEK’s official partner in Spain and Portugal, IESMAT provides localized support and professional service for CIQTEK electron microscopy solutions in the region. This year, the event was also recognized by the Portuguese Society of Microscopy, further expanding its reach and influence among the scientific and industrial communities.

 

During the meeting, IESMAT presented an in-depth introduction to CIQTEK’s electron microscope product portfolio, highlighting advanced features and application advantages of the CIQTEK SEM series. A live demonstration using the CIQTEK Tungsten Filament SEM3200 allowed attendees to experience its high-resolution imaging capabilities and intuitive operation firsthand. The hands-on session sparked active discussions, with many participants engaging directly with IESMAT experts for technical insights and practical guidance.

 

IESMAT Demonstrating the CIQTEK SEM3200

 

The event also featured a series of technical presentations and open discussions on microscopy applications across materials science, nanotechnology, and life sciences, reflecting the growing interest and demand for high-performance, user-friendly microscopy tools in the Iberian market.

 

 

Looking ahead, CIQTEK and IESMAT will continue to deepen their collaboration to provide cutting-edge electron microscopy technologies, comprehensive customer support, and training opportunities to researchers and laboratories in Spain and Portugal. Together, they aim to empower scientific discovery and innovation through accessible, high-quality instrumentation.

Researchers from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, led by Prof. Erjun Kan and Assoc. Prof. Yi Wan, together with Prof. Kaiyou Wang’s team at the Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has achieved a breakthrough in the study of two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors.

Using the CIQTEK Scanning NV Microscope (SNVM), the team successfully demonstrated room-temperature ferromagnetism in the semiconducting material MnS₂. The findings were published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS) under the title “Experimental Evidence of Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Semiconducting MnS₂.”

 

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.5c10107

 

Pioneering Discovery in 2D Ferromagnetic Semiconductors

The discovery of 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors has raised great expectations for advancing Moore’s Law and spintronics in memory and computation. However, most explored 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors exhibit Curie temperatures far below room temperature. Despite theoretical predictions of many potential room-temperature 2D ferromagnetic materials, the experimental synthesis of ordered and stable metastable structures remains a formidable challenge.

In this study, the researchers developed a template-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to synthesize layered MnS₂ microstructures within a ReS₂ template. High-resolution atomic characterizations revealed that the monolayer MnS₂ microstructure crystallized well in a distorted T-phase. The optical bandgap and temperature-dependent carrier mobility confirmed its semiconducting nature.

By combining vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electrical transport measurements, and micro-magnetic imaging using CIQTEK SNVM, the team provided solid experimental evidence of room-temperature ferromagnetism in MnS₂. Electrical transport measurements also revealed an anomalous Hall resistance component in the monolayer samples. Theoretical calculations further indicated that this ferromagnetism originates from short-range Mn–Mn interactions.

This work not only confirms the intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism of layered MnS₂ but also proposes an innovative approach for the growth of metastable functional 2D materials.

 

 

Two Key Breakthroughs

• Intrinsic Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in MnS₂ Monolayers:
  The study experimentally demonstrates intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in semiconducting MnS₂, resolving the long-standing conflict between semiconductivity and magnetism.

• Template-Assisted CVD Strategy for Metastable Ferromagnetic Microstructures:
  The developed synthesis strategy enables scalable fabrication of metastable ferromagnetic microstructures.

These advances establish MnS₂ as a model platform for 2D spintronics, offering a new pathway for engineering low-dimensional magnetic materials.

 

ChatGPT 说：

Figure 2: Micro-Region Magnetic Imaging

 

Figure 3: Electrical Transport Measurements

 

CIQTEK SNVM: Key Instrument Behind the Discovery

The CIQTEK Scanning NV Microscope (SNVM) played a crucial role in this research. Its high-precision nanoscale magnetic imaging capabilities were essential for visualizing and confirming the magnetic properties of MnS₂. This study highlights how CIQTEK's advanced scientific instruments are empowering frontier research in materials science and condensed matter physics.

This breakthrough not only drives progress in 2D material studies but also opens new opportunities for spintronics and next-generation memory technologies.

 

Experience CIQTEK SNVM

CIQTEK SNVM is a world-leading nanoscale magnetic field imaging system, offering:

• Temperature range: 1.8–300 K

• Vector magnetic field: 9/1/1 T

• Magnetic spatial resolution: 10 nm

• Magnetic sensitivity: 2 μT/Hz¹ᐟ²

Based on NV center-based optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning imaging, the SNVM provides high spatial resolution, high magnetic sensitivity, multifunctional detection, and non-invasive measurement.

It is a powerful tool for magnetic domain characterization, antiferromagnetic imaging, superconductivity studies, and 2D magnetic materials research, enabling scientists to explore materials with high precision and confidence.

Importance and development trend of educational cameras

Educational cameras are increasingly used in modern education, especially in the field of distance education. They not only improve teaching efficiency, but also enhance the interaction between teachers and students, making learning more vivid and interesting. With the continuous advancement of technology, educational cameras are moving towards high resolution, multi-functional integration and environmental adaptability.

High resolution and wide dynamic range

- 1080p and above resolution: ensure clear images with rich details, suitable for displaying complex teaching content.

- HDR technology: process images under different lighting conditions to ensure good video quality in various environments.

Autofocus and face tracking

- Autofocus: quickly adjust the focus to ensure that the speaker is always in clear focus.

- Face tracking: automatically adjust the viewing angle to ensure that the speaker is always in the center of the picture, especially suitable for interactive teaching.

WINSAFE classroom tracking cameras and student tracking cameras have good applications in China. Currently, binocular (4K/PVC-G512P) and monocular AI voice, portrait, gesture tracking cameras (1080P/LTC-A2001NV4, and 4K ZC5-F20 with fixed cloud lens are used in different schools and classrooms at home and abroad, and have been well received by everyone.

Low-latency transmission

Synchronize video and audio to provide a smooth communication experience and avoid teaching interruptions.

High-quality audio

Built-in microphone provides clear audio input, reduces background noise, and ensures that students can hear the explanation clearly.

Compatibility

Multi-platform support, compatible with mainstream video conferencing software and distance education platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Skype, etc.

Ease of use

Plug-and-play design, simple and easy to understand, suitable for teachers and students to get started quickly.

Security

Supports encrypted communication to protect the privacy and security of teaching content.

Flexibility and portability

Lightweight design, easy to carry and use in different locations, suitable for different teaching environments and scenarios.

Multi-function integration and environmental adaptability

- Multi-function integration: integrates multiple functions to adapt to diverse teaching needs.

- Environmental adaptability: Automatic white balance and color correction ensure natural image colors, suitable for displaying various teaching materials.

Application of USB camera modules in distance education

USB camera modules have been widely used in the field of distance education due to their convenience, high definition and easy development. They are not only used for classroom interaction and live teaching, but also used in various scenarios such as high-speed scanning.

WINSAFE In order to improve transmission delay, we use NEWTEK NDI|HX3 to facilitate applications in different occasions. We currently have cameras with HD-BASE, HDMI, IP, 3G-SDI, USB3.0/2.0 interfaces to meet the needs of different customers.

Application scenarios

- Video conferencing: With the rise of remote office, video conferencing systems have become an essential tool for enterprises.

- Education industry: The booming online education market has made USB camera modules widely used in the field of distance education.

- Face recognition equipment: Widely used in various face recognition terminal devices, such as gates, all-in-one machines, bank monitoring, etc.

- Medical cosmetology: In the wide application of medical technology and beauty equipment, USB camera modules provide the convenience of visual operation.

- Machine vision: With the further development of intelligent manufacturing and automation technology, the application of USB camera modules in the field of machine vision will be more extensive.

- Live streaming: The rise of e-commerce live streaming has driven the demand for USB camera modules in the field of live streaming.

- Car imaging: The output image of USB cameras is clearer and more stable, and the market for car camera modules shows a rapid growth trend.

Technological innovation drives market development

Technological innovation is a key factor in promoting the development of the USB camera module market. In recent years, camera module technology has made continuous breakthroughs, such as high pixels, large angles, and large depth of field, bringing a richer image feast to products such as smart hardware devices. The integration of high-definition picture quality and intelligent versatility enables USB camera modules to meet more diverse needs.

Domestic chips and cost reduction

my country's USB camera module industry chain has gradually improved, and a complete industrial chain system has been formed from upstream core components to downstream application fields. The use of domestic chips has greatly reduced costs and improved the market competitiveness of products.

In short, the development of educational cameras is not only reflected in the improvement of technical performance, but also in how to integrate these advanced technologies into actual teaching to improve teaching quality and student learning experience. The prospects for WINSAFE cameras are very optimistic, and we will continue to forge ahead and develop more high-quality products to adapt to the

The demand for high-quality, dynamic, and efficient live broadcasting has never been higher. From major sporting events and concert streams to news coverage and live corporate announcements, viewers expect crystal-clear, fluid, and engaging visuals. In this high-stakes environment, broadcast engineers and production teams are constantly seeking technology that delivers superior performance without compromising on operational flexibility. Enter the next generation of PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras, specifically those equipped with 12G-SDI interfaces. Cameras like the Winsafe 4Kp60 12G-SDI Dual-Lens AI PTZ Camera are not just an incremental improvement; they represent a fundamental shift in the capabilities of automated camera systems for the broadcast industry.

Let's explore why 12G-SDI PTZ cameras are poised to become the new standard in live production.

1. The Uncompromising Power of 12G-SDI: Simplifying the 4K/UHD Pipeline

The transition to 4K (Ultra High Definition) is well underway. While 3G-SDI has been the reliable workhorse for 1080p HD, it hits a bottleneck with 4K signals, often requiring complex and expensive setups with multiple cables and quad-link setups to transport a single 4p60 stream.

This is where 12G-SDI is a game-changer. A single 12G-SDI cable can carry an uncompressed 4K Ultra HD signal at 60 frames per second over a remarkable 100 meters. This simplicity is a massive advantage in a live broadcast truck or a studio:

• Cable Reduction: Drastically reduces cable clutter, weight, and potential points of failure.

• Simplified Workflow: Integrates seamlessly into existing SDI-based broadcast infrastructure without the need for external frame synchronizers or complex signal aggregators.

• Future-Proofing: It effortlessly handles the high data rates required for 4K HDR (High Dynamic Range), ensuring your investment is ready for the next wave of visual quality.

2. The AI-Powered "Intelligent Camera Operator"

Modern PTZ cameras are shedding their reputation as simple robotic cameras. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming them into intelligent partners in production. The Winsafe model, for instance, highlights this trend with features like:

• Auto-Framing: AI can automatically detect and track subjects, keeping them perfectly framed as they move. This is invaluable for panel discussions, lectures, or stage presentations, reducing the need for a dedicated camera operator.

• Automatic Tracking: Advanced algorithms can lock onto a specific person or object, providing smooth and reliable follow-shots without manual intervention.

• People Counting & Analytics: Beyond framing, AI can provide valuable data, making these cameras useful for both security and audience analytics within a broadcast facility.

This AI integration means smaller production crews can achieve a multi-camera look, and larger crews can offload repetitive tracking shots to the camera itself, freeing up human operators for more creative tasks.

3. The Dual-Lens Advantage: Unprecedented Creative Flexibility

The innovative dual-lens design found in cutting-edge models offers a unique solution to a common production challenge: the need for both a wide and a tight shot simultaneously.

One lens can capture a wide master shot, while the second can be controlled to provide a close-up, all from the same physical camera unit. This effectively doubles your camera angles without taking up additional space or requiring extra cabling. For productions with limited camera positions or budgets, this is a revolutionary feature, allowing for more dynamic cutting and a richer viewing experience.

The Perfect Storm for Broadcast Adoption

The convergence of these three technologies—12G-SDI, AI, and Dual-Lens design—creates a compelling case for broadcasters:

• Operational Efficiency: Simplified cabling, automated camera movements, and multiple angles from a single unit reduce both setup time and operational complexity.

• Cost-Effectiveness: Achieving a multi-angle production with fewer physical cameras and smaller crews leads to significant cost savings, both in capital expenditure and operational overhead.

• Superior Production Value: The ability to deliver pristine 4Kp60 HDR footage with dynamic, intelligent shooting angles elevates the quality of any live broadcast.

Application

So the era of the PTZ camera as a simple, static utility is over. The new generation of 12G-SDI AI PTZ Cameras represents a powerful, intelligent, and efficient tool that is perfectly aligned with the demands of modern live broadcasting. They offer the image quality, operational simplicity, and creative flexibility required to produce compelling content in an increasingly competitive and quality-conscious market.

As broadcasters continue to seek innovative ways to streamline workflows and enhance viewer experience, intelligent PTZ cameras with robust 12G-SDI connectivity are not just a promising option—they are the clear and intelligent future of live production.

The 15th China Symposium on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy was successfully held at Chongqing University from October 24 to 27, 2025. Nearly one hundred experts, scholars, industry representatives, and graduate students gathered to discuss cutting-edge topics in the EPR field, including new techniques and theories, biological spin labeling, and new energy applications.

 

 

Grand Launch: CIQTEK Q-Band EPR Spectrometers Make a Stunning Debut

As a pioneer in paramagnetic resonance technology, CIQTEK officially unveiled its new Q-band EPR spectrometer series — the EPR-Q400 High-Frequency Pulse Spectrometer and the EPR-Q300 Continuous-Wave Spectrometer, marking another significant milestone in high-frequency EPR technology.

Compared with traditional X-band EPR, high-frequency EPR offers:

• Higher spectral resolution

• Stronger orientation selectivity

• Enhanced sensitivity

Making it a powerful tool for biomacromolecular structure studies, spin dynamics research, and materials science applications.

 

Dr. Richard Shi from CIQTEK Introduces the New Q-Band EPR Instruments at the Meeting

 

Flagship Model: EPR-Q400 High-Frequency Pulse Spectrometer

The EPR-Q400, the flagship model of this release, supports both CW and pulsed EPR measurements, meeting a wide range of research demands. It enables variable-temperature experiments from 4 K to 300 K, providing flexible and precise experimental conditions.

Notably, the Q-band spectrometer adopts the same software platform as CIQTEK X-band EPR systems, greatly reducing the learning curve and ensuring a seamless and user-friendly operation experience.

 

Dedicated CW Solution: EPR-Q300 Continuous-Wave Spectrometer

For users focusing solely on continuous-wave EPR experiments, CIQTEK introduced the EPR-Q300, offering a targeted and efficient solution for diverse scientific applications.

 

Continuous Innovation in EPR Technology

This product launch showcases CIQTEK’s robust R&D capabilities and in-depth technical expertise in EPR spectroscopy, thereby further enriching its EPR product portfolio. During the symposium, multiple experts recognized CIQTEK’s responsive and professional technical support, noting that the team not only helps resolve experimental challenges but also actively participates in collaborative research, contributing to high-level scientific achievements.

 

Upcoming Event: CIQTEK Paramagnetic Academy 2026

To further promote academic exchange and talent development in EPR technology, the CIQTEK Paramagnetic Academy Advanced EPR Workshop will be held from July 17 to 27, 2026, in conjunction with the CIQTEK EPR User Symposium.

 

These events will serve as an open platform for technical communication, experience sharing, and application discussions among EPR researchers and users.
Stay tuned for more updates and upcoming event announcements.

 

With the continuous development of industrial automation, connector products have undergone diverse and innovative upgrades. In response to the demand for pneumatic insertion and extraction, WAIN Electrical offers three series of pneumatic solutions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sealing Principle

 

 

 

 

First Series

PCM

PCF(S)

Second Series-Quick-in

MPCM-ID

MPCF(S)-ID

Second Series

MPCM(S)-OD

MPCF(S)-OD

Third Series-Quick-in

MPCM/A-ID

MPCF(S)/A-ID

1

First (Second) Series

1.The plastic plug (bracket) is externally equipped with an O-ring. Under the action of spring tension and high-pressure gas, the outer diameter of the O-ring is tightly pressed against the internal slanted surface of the female end, achieving a seal for the female end.

2.Before the male end opens the plastic plug (bracket) at the top, the O-ring on the outside of the male end has already sealed the inner wall of the female end's inner hole. Once the male end opens the plastic plug (bracket), the high-pressure gas is connected.

3.When the male end pin is withdrawn, the plastic plug (bracket) of the female end returns to its initial sealed state, completing one cycle of insertion and extraction.

2

Third Series

1.The round steel ball inside the female end, under the action of spring tension and high-pressure gas, tightly compresses the inner diameter of the built-in sealing ring to achieve a seal for the female end.

2.Before the male end opens the round steel ball at the top, the outside of the male end has already sealed the inner hole of the built-in O-ring of the female end. Once the male end opens the round steel ball, the high-pressure gas is connected.

3.When the male end pin is withdrawn, the round steel ball of the female end returns to its initial sealed state, completing one cycle of insertion and extraction.

 

 

 

 

Product Performance

 

 

 

 

Series	Mating Cycles	Maximum Pressure
First Series	500 cycles	8 bar
Second Series	500 cycles	10 bar
Third Series	10000 cycles	15 bar

 

1

Efficient and Durable, Stable and Reliable

WAIN pneumatic pin structures are reliable and meet the operational needs of high pneumatic insertion and extraction. WAIN also provides various connection options to accommodate different connection scenarios, offering high adaptability and flexibility.

2

Innovative Design, Easy Operation

WAIN provides three series of pneumatic pin options. The second and third series even offer quick-connect versions to make operations more convenient. Furthermore, the third series has altered the male pin interface design based on the second series, reducing the insertion and operation force.

3

Adapts to Diverse Needs

Different application scenarios require different operational modes for pneumatic pins. The WAIN pneumatic pin female end can be optionally equipped with or without a locking state, making the pneumatic pin more flexible and adaptable to more diverse work requirements.

 

 

 

 

Product Applications

 

 

 

 

The pneumatic pin, when paired with a pneumatic module, can be used in combination with frames and other module products. WAIN offers more than 26,578 products (data from WAIN ERP system, statistics date: 2023.07.01), which are widely applied in aerospace, rail transportation, mechanical manufacturing, wind power energy, robotics, automation, and other fields.

 

·END·

 

WAIN is not only manufacturing, but also creating!

Any questions and ideas related to industrial connectors,

we welcome to discuss with you.

 

Cutting-edge research platform for micro/nanoscale material behavior studies

The Center for Micro/Nanoscale Behavior of Materials at Xi’an Jiaotong University (XJTU) has established a comprehensive in-situ materials performance research platform based on the CIQTEK SEM4000 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). By integrating multiple in-situ testing systems, the center has achieved remarkable progress in the application of in-situ SEM techniques and advanced materials science research.

 

Leading national research infrastructure

The XJTU Center for Micro/Nanoscale Behavior of Materials focuses on the structure–property relationship of materials at the micro/nanoscale. Since its establishment, the center has published over 410 high-impact papers, including in Nature and Science, demonstrating outstanding scientific output.

The center houses one of the most advanced in-situ materials performance research platforms in China, equipped with large-scale systems such as a Hitachi 300 kV environmental TEM with quantitative nanomechanical–thermal coupling capabilities and an environmental aberration-corrected TEM for atomic-scale in-situ studies of thermo-mechanical-gas interactions. Together, these instruments provide powerful technical support for frontier materials research.

 

Efficient and seamless experience with CIQTEK SEM

In 2024, the center introduced the CIQTEK SEM4000 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope.
Dr. Fan Chuanwei, equipment manager at the center, remarked:

“The resolution and stability of the CIQTEK SEM4000 perfectly meet our research demands. What impressed us most was the efficiency. It took less than four months from equipment installation to our first paper published using the system, and the entire process from procurement to operation and after-sales was highly efficient.”

 

Regarding customized services, Dr. Fan added:

“For our in-situ SEM experiments, CIQTEK tailored a real-time video recording module and designed customized adapter stages for various in-situ setups. The rapid response and flexibility of the CIQTEK team fully demonstrate their professional expertise.”

 

Integrated in-situ testing capabilities

The SEM4000 platform at XJTU has successfully integrated three core in-situ testing systems, forming a complete in-situ mechanical performance research capability.

• Bruker Hysitron PI 89 Nanomechanical Test System – Enables nanoindentation, tensile, fracture, fatigue, and mechanical property mapping. It has been extensively used in micro/nanoscale mechanical testing of semiconductor devices, leading to significant results in semiconductor materials research.

• KW In-situ Tensile Stage – Offers a loading range from 1 N to 5 kN and supports various grips, including standard compression/tension, compact tension, three-point bending, and fiber tensile testing. Combined with SEM imaging, it allows real-time correlation of mechanical data with microstructural evolution, providing critical insights into deformation mechanisms.

• Custom In-situ Torsion Stage – Developed by Prof. Wei Xueyong’s team at the School of Instrument Science and Engineering, XJTU, this system enables torsional deformation studies under SEM observation, adding a unique capability to the research platform.

 

CIQTEK Field Emission SEM4000 at Xi'an Jiaotong University

 

Dr. Fan commented:

“The systems are well integrated with the SEM and easy to operate. Our researchers quickly became proficient, and these combined techniques have provided a wealth of valuable experimental data and scientific discoveries.”

 

SEM4000: Designed for in-situ excellence

The outstanding performance of SEM4000 in in-situ studies benefits from its purpose-built engineering design. According to CIQTEK engineers, the large chamber and long-travel stage provide ample space and stability for complex in-situ setups, which is a key advantage over conventional SEMs.

Its modular architecture, featuring 16 flange interfaces, allows flexible customization of vacuum ports and electrical feedthroughs for different in-situ devices. This design makes integration and system expansion remarkably straightforward.

In addition, the integrated in-situ video recording function enables continuous observation and recording of microstructural evolution during experiments, providing crucial data for dynamic process analysis and mechanism exploration.

 

 

Continuous innovation for future research

Looking ahead, the XJTU center plans several technology development initiatives based on the SEM4000 platform, reflecting strong confidence in the long-term advancement of CIQTEK scientific instruments.

“We plan to add in-situ heating and EBSD modules for high-temperature and EBSD observations. We also aim to extend our self-developed quantitative in-situ mechanical analysis software, which was originally developed for TEM, to SEM applications. Furthermore, we’re developing an ‘SEM AI Agent’ system to enable automated operation, image acquisition, and data processing through AI assistance,” said Dr. Fan.

“With these continuous improvements, we hope to achieve more breakthroughs in understanding micro/nanoscale material behavior while contributing to the progress and broader adoption of advanced domestic scientific instruments. With CIQTEK’s support, we are confident in realizing these goals.”

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The collaboration between Xi'an Jiaotong University and CIQTEK demonstrates the strong potential and technological depth of CIQTEK's high-end scientific instruments in frontier research. From the first paper produced within four months to the successful integration of multiple in-situ testing systems, the CIQTEK SEM4000 has proven to be a cornerstone of XJTU’s advanced materials research platform, earning recognition from one of the nation’s leading research institutions.

A research team led by Prof. Haomin Wang from the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has achieved significant progress in studying the magnetism of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (zGNRs) using the CIQTEK Scanning NV Microscope (SNVM).

Building on their previous research, the team fabricated oriented atomic grooves in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) by pre-etching with metal nanoparticles and synthesized chiral-controlled graphene nanoribbons within these grooves through a vapor-phase catalytic CVD method. The resulting ~9 nm-wide zGNRs embedded in the hBN lattice exhibited intrinsic magnetic properties, which were directly confirmed experimentally for the first time using SNVM combined with magnetic transport measurements.

This groundbreaking work lays a solid foundation for developing graphene-based spintronic devices. The study, titled “Signatures of magnetism in zigzag graphene nanoribbons embedded in a hexagonal boron nitride lattice”, was published in the renowned journal Nature Materials.

 

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02317-4

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Understanding Graphene Magnetism

Graphene, as a unique two-dimensional material, exhibits p-orbital electron magnetism that differs fundamentally from the localized d/f orbital magnetism found in conventional materials. This distinction opens new directions for exploring carbon-based quantum magnetism. Zigzag graphene nanoribbons (zGNRs) are particularly promising for spintronic applications because of their predicted magnetic electronic states near the Fermi level. However, detecting zGNR magnetism through electrical transport measurements has remained highly challenging.

The main difficulties include the limited length of bottom-up synthesized nanoribbons, which complicates device fabrication, and the chemically reactive edges that lead to instability or inhomogeneous doping. Furthermore, in narrow zGNRs, strong antiferromagnetic coupling between edge states makes it difficult to electrically detect magnetic signals. These challenges have hindered direct observation of intrinsic magnetism in zGNRs.

 

SNVM Reveals Magnetic Signals at Room Temperature

Embedding zGNRs within an hBN lattice enhances edge stability and introduces built-in electric fields, providing an ideal environment for studying magnetism. Using CIQTEK’s room-temperature SNVM, the researchers directly visualized magnetic signals in zGNRs for the first time under ambient conditions.

 

Figure 1. Magnetic measurement of zGNRs embedded in a hexagonal boron nitride lattice using the Scanning NV Microscope

 

In electrical transport measurements, the ~9 nm-wide zGNR transistors demonstrated high conductivity and ballistic transport behavior. Under magnetic fields, the devices showed pronounced anisotropic magnetoresistance, with resistance changes up to 175 Ω and a magnetoresistance ratio of approximately 1.3% at 4 K, which persisted up to 350 K. Magnetic hysteresis appeared only when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the zGNR plane, confirming magnetic anisotropy. Analysis of the angular dependence of magnetoresistance indicated that the magnetic moments were oriented normal to the sample surface. The decrease in magnetoresistance with increasing source-drain bias and temperature revealed interactions between magnetic response, charge transport, and thermal vibrations.

 

Figure 2. Magnetic transport characteristics of a 9 nm-wide zGNR device embedded in hBN

 

By combining SNVM imaging with transport characterization, this study provides the first direct evidence of intrinsic magnetism in zGNRs embedded in hBN and demonstrates the potential for electric-field control of magnetic behavior. This work deepens the understanding of graphene magnetism and opens new opportunities for developing graphene-based spintronic devices.

 

Experience Nanoscale Magnetic Imaging with CIQTEK SNVM

CIQTEK invites researchers to experience the Scanning NV Microscope (SNVM), a world-leading nanoscale magnetic imaging system featuring a temperature range of 1.8–300 K, a 9/1/1 T vector magnetic field, 10 nm magnetic spatial resolution, and 2 μT/Hz¹ᐟ² magnetic sensitivity.

 

CIQTEK SNVM: the ambient version and the cryogenic version

 

The SNVM integrates diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) with atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning technology. It offers high spatial resolution, superior magnetic sensitivity, multifunctional detection, and non-invasive imaging capabilities, making it an essential tool for research in magnetic domain characterization, antiferromagnetic imaging, superconductivity studies, and two-dimensional magnetic materials.

Moving from a conventional silicon-based Active Harmonic Filter to one using Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs represents a major technological leap, and the cooling system is directly impacted.

Here’s a detailed look at the cooling system of a SiC Active Harmonic Filter, highlighting how it differs from traditional IGBT-based AHFs.

The Core Advantage: Why SiC Changes the Game

Silicon Carbide is a wide-bandgap semiconductor with superior material properties compared to silicon. For an AHF, this translates into three key benefits that directly influence thermal management:

1. Higher Switching Frequencies: SiC MOSFETs can switch on and off much faster than IGBTs. This allows for a more accurate reconstruction of the "anti-harmonic" current, improving performance, especially for higher-order harmonics.

2. Lower Switching Losses: The most significant impact for cooling. The rapid switching of SiC devices generates less heat during each transition.

3. Higher Operating Temperatures: SiC semiconductors can theoretically operate at junction temperatures up to 200°C or more, compared to the typical 150°C limit for silicon IGBTs. This provides a higher safety margin.

---

Impact on the Cooling System

Because of the advantages above, the thermal design of a SiC AHF becomes simpler, more efficient, and more reliable.

1. Reduced Heat Load

The primary effect is that a SiC AHF generates less heat for the same output power. The lower switching and conduction losses mean there is simply less thermal energy that needs to be removed.

Result: The cooling system can be smaller, quieter, and less powerful for the same AHF rating.

2. Cooling Method Evolution

• Forced Air Cooling Becomes More Viable for Higher Power:

  • A 100A SiC AHF might be comfortably air-cooled, whereas a 100A silicon IGBT AHF might be pushing the limits of air cooling, requiring a larger, noisier fan assembly.

  • The reduced heat load means the fans can run slower, leading to quieter operation and longer fan life. The heat sinks can also be smaller.

• Liquid Cooling Becomes More about Power Density than Necessity:

  • For the highest power ratings (e.g., >300A), liquid cooling is still used, but now the driver is often extreme power density.

  • A liquid-cooled SiC AHF can be made significantly more compact than its silicon counterpart because the lower heat flux allows for a smaller liquid cooling plate and heat exchanger.

3. Increased Reliability and Lifetime

Heat is the primary enemy of electronics. By generating less heat and being able to withstand higher temperatures, SiC AHFs experience less thermal stress.

• Electrolytic Capacitors: These components are very sensitive to heat. The cooler internal environment of a SiC AHF significantly extends the lifespan of these critical (and often life-limiting) components.

• Semiconductors: Operating at a lower temperature relative to their maximum rating greatly enhances the long-term reliability of the SiC MOSFETs themselves.

• Fans (in air-cooled units): With a lower thermal load, fans run slower and for shorter durations, increasing their Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF).

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Comparison: Silicon IGBT vs. SiC MOSFET AHF Cooling

 

Feature	Silicon IGBT AHF	Silicon Carbide (SiC) AHF
Primary Heat Source	High switching and conduction losses.	Significantly lower switching losses.
Heat Load	Higher for a given power rating.	Lower for the same power rating.
Cooling System Size	Larger heat sinks, more powerful fans.	Smaller heat sinks, smaller/quieter fans.
Preferred Cooling Method	Forced Air (low-med power), Liquid (high power).	Forced Air for a wider power range. Liquid for ultra-compact designs.
Thermal Stress	Higher, leading to more wear on components.	Lower, leading to increased system lifespan.
Acoustic Noise	Typically louder due to higher fan speeds.	Typically quieter.
Ambient Temp Tolerance	Standard. Performance may derate in high temps.	Better. Can often maintain full rating in higher ambient temperatures.

Practical Implications and Benefits for the User

1. Smaller Footprint: You can get the same harmonic filtering performance from a physically smaller cabinet because the cooling apparatus is less bulky.

2. Higher Efficiency: Less energy is wasted as heat, so the SiC AHF itself consumes less power, improving your overall system efficiency. A typical SiC AHF can be 1-3% more efficient than a silicon one.

3. Reduced Maintenance: With less heat and slower-moving fans (in air-cooled models), the maintenance intervals can be longer. Air filters may not clog as quickly.

4. Reduced Downtime Risk: The higher inherent reliability and thermal ruggedness of the SiC system reduce the risk of unexpected thermal shutdowns or failures.

The adoption of Silicon Carbide technology fundamentally simplifies the cooling challenge in Active Harmonic Filters. While the cooling methods (air vs. liquid) remain the same, the systems are less stressed, more efficient, and more reliable.

When specifying a new AHF, choosing a SiC-based model is not just about better electrical performance; it's also a choice for a more robust, compact, and lower-maintenance system with a longer operational lifespan, largely due to its superior thermal characteristics.

CIQTEK continues to expand its presence in Europe with the establishment of an SEM demo station in Spain, operated by the trusted local distributor IESMAT. Located in Madrid, the demo station features a CIQTEK High-Performance and Universal Tungsten Filament SEM Microscope SEM3200, providing Spanish users with convenient access to live demonstrations, sample testing, and hands-on operation. The facility also offers professional Spanish-language service and technical consultation, helping local customers better understand and apply CIQTEK’s advanced electron microscopy technologies.

 

Since the installation of the CIQTEK SEM3200, IESMAT has actively organized a series of seminars and workshops throughout 2025, typically held every one to two months. These events welcome researchers and professionals from academia and industry to explore the performance and advantages of CIQTEK scanning electron microscopes through hands-on sessions and interactive learning experiences.

 

IESMAT SEM Workshop in January 2025

 

IESMAT SEM Seminar in Feb, 2025

 

IESMAT Most Recent SEM Seminar in Sep, 2025

 

The next event, IESMAT Electron Microscopy Day II, will take place on November 6, 2025, in Madrid. Participants will enjoy:

• Live hands-on electron microscopy with the CIQTEK SEM3200

• Cutting-edge analytics using EDS and EBSD

• Insights into current trends and future directions of electron microscopy in Spain

 

The SEM demo station at IESMAT marks an important milestone in CIQTEK’s European development strategy. It enhances local accessibility to advanced electron microscopy technologies and provides researchers with authentic, real-world experience. Through close collaboration with partners like IESMAT, CIQTEK is deepening its engagement with the European market, promoting innovation, and building stronger connections with the scientific community.

 

CIQTEK remains committed to empowering global users through advanced instrumentation, localized service, and continuous collaboration for scientific progress.